Macrophage Polarization in Cardiac Tissue Repair Following Myocardial Infarction

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the globe, creating a substantial socio-economic burden as a result. Myocardial infarction is a significant contributor to the detrimental impact of cardiovascular disease. The death of cardiomyocytes following myocardial infarction causes an immune response which leads to further destruction of tissue, and subsequently, results in the formation of non-contractile scar tissue. Macrophages have been recognized as important regulators and participants of inflammation and fibrosis following myocardial infarction. Macrophages are generally classified into two distinct groups, namely, classically activated, or M1 macrophages, and alternatively activated, or M2 macrophages. The phenotypic profile of cardiac macrophages, however, is much more diverse and should not be reduced to these two subsets. In this review, we describe the phenotypes and functions of macrophages which are present in the healthy, as well as the infarcted heart, and analyze them with respect to M1 and M2 polarization states. Furthermore, we discuss therapeutic strategies which utilize macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory or reparative phenotype for the treatment of myocardial infarction.     

纳米Cr颗粒对Ni-Mo复合镀层性能的影响

为了研究纳米Cr颗粒对Ni-Mo复合镀层性能的影响,采用脉冲电沉积方法制备具有不同Cr含量的Ni-Mo复合镀层.利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分别观察和分析复合镀层的组织形貌及结构.采用电化学测试和X射线光电子能谱研究复合镀层的析氢性能和耐蚀性能.结果表明:随着镀液中纳米Cr颗粒含量的增加,镀层晶粒得到细化,析氢过电位增大,复合镀层析氢性能得到提高;当镀液中纳米Cr颗粒含量为20 g/L时,复合镀层表面钝化膜中MoO₃含量较高,且可与Cr产生协同效应,因而复合镀层具有较好的耐蚀性能;但随着镀液中纳米Cr颗粒含量的进一步增加,复合镀层中沉积的Cr元素含量降低,复合镀层的析氢性能和耐蚀性能均降低.因此,当镀液中纳米Cr颗粒含量为20 g/L时,复合镀层具有较好的析氢性能和耐蚀性能.     

阳极溶解促进位错发射和运动的TEM原位观察

用自制的恒位移加载台在ＴＥＭ中原位观察了３１０不锈钢在水中阳极溶解前后加载裂尖前方位错形貌的变化．在排除室温蠕变影响后发现，阳极溶解能明显促进位错发射、增殖和运动．３１０不锈钢薄膜试样在室温水中能产生应力腐蚀．     

利用宽带回波的目标微动参数提取方法

高速目标平动补偿是弹道目标微动特征信息提取中一个较难解决的问题.利用弹道导弹宽带回波信号,提出了一种基于散射中心极化散射特性的非相干宽带回波对齐方法,通过极化相似性参数实现散射点中心对齐,并利用目标散射中心的高分辨一维距离像走动提取瞬时微动参数,对目标的尺寸和微动参数进行估计.仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效地在较低信噪比下实现包络对齐与微动参数提取,为后续工程化应用奠定了理论基础.     

DMFC阳极催化剂用GRQD-NiCo2O4复合物的制备与电催化活性分析

采用水热法制备GRQD-NiCo₂O₄复合物,利用XRD、SEM及TEM分析其微结构,并探讨其作为DMFC阳极催化剂使用时的电化学性能。微结构分析表明所得GRQD-NiCo₂O₄复合物皆为具NiCo₂O₄单一相的尖晶石结构,且GRQD质量浓度高于0.25 g/mL后表面形貌将转变GRQD与NiCo₂O₄相互结合的状态。电化学分析表明添加GRQD可有效增强NiCo₂O₄的导电性并提升其电化学稳定性,其中GRQD质量浓度为0.25 g/mL时所得样品经500次循环测试后电流密度约为77.5 A/g,与循环5次后相比其电流密度剩余量最大（约为69.7%）,该样品作为DMFC阳极催化剂使用时性价比最佳。     

氧化薄膜对锆-4合金表面性能的影响

为了研究氧化薄膜对Zr-4合金表面性能的影响,对样品分别进行了350℃和400℃各10 min,15 min,20 min和25 min氧化.结果发现,不同条件下氧化生成的样品表面呈现不同的颜色.小角掠射X射线衍射分析(GAXRD)表明,生成的氧化物为非化学计量的六方相氧化锆.样品在0.5 mol/L的H2SO4溶液中进行电化学试验发现,氧化后样品的耐电化学腐蚀性能有所提高.而用纳米压痕仪试验的结果表明,氧化后样品有较高的纳米硬度和较低的弹性模量,意味着氧化后样品可能有更好的耐磨性.400℃氧化样品对合金性能的提高优于350℃氧化样品.     

季辚盐对Al缓蚀作用的研究

用微分极化电阻和微分电容测量法研究3种季辚盐化合物在1mol·L-1MgCl2溶液中对Al的缓蚀作用及季辚盐分子结构对缓蚀效率的影响。结果表明,季辚盐化合物具有较好的缓蚀作用,链长的季辚盐比链短的缓蚀效率高。季辚盐在Al表面上吸附服从Langmuir吸附等温式,且为物理吸附。     

Corrosion-Electrochemical behavior of 13% chromium (Cr) martensitic stainless steel in hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions

Corrosion-Electrochemical behavior of a commercial API5CT grade L80 type 13Cr tubing enriched with microalloying elements is studied in 6, 7.5, 9, 12 and 15% HCl solutions by electrochemical methods. The objective is to contribute to the comprehension of corrosion phenomena caused by HCl of similar concentrations, generally used in acidizing job. The corrosion morphology is examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDAX. The soluble corrosion products are analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods. General, as well as localized, corrosion is present. The severest general corrosion with a maximum rate of 26 mm/year is obtained at 15% HCl. The localized corrosion which morphologically differs as function of HCl concentrations is revealed by SEM investigation. In all the above HCl solutions, the commercial 13% Cr martensitic stainless steel tubing shows no passive state. Above 6% HCl, the microalloying elements promote forming a discontinuous film of the corrosion products. The corrosion rate slightly decreases in 15% HCl compared to the published data on a conventional 13% Cr martensitic stainless steel tubing. This is due to both the chemical composition (silicon, manganese and vanadium) and microstructural properties. Copper seems to additionally accelerate the corrosion of the alloy. Published in Russian in Zashchita Metallov, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 372–380. The article was translated by the authors in English.     

NaCl盐膜对CuCr合金高温腐蚀行为的影响

用金相、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜/能谱（SEM/EDX）及热重分析法研究了NaCl盐膜对CuCr合金在700℃～900℃下的腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明：CuCr合金在NaCl盐膜下比在单独空气中发生更严重的腐蚀,其腐蚀产物疏松且易剥落,Cr相较Cu易腐蚀,且在腐蚀区以下的合金基体中有贫铬现象.讨论了在该环境下变形对CuCr合金腐蚀的影响及NaCl加速CuCr合金腐蚀作用的机制.     

一种交流阻抗和弱极化相结合的腐蚀速度测量方法

提出了交流阻抗和弱极化技术相结合的腐蚀速度测量的方法，并依此研制了CMB-4510腐蚀速度测量仪.有效地解决了线性极化技术因估算塔菲尔系数所带来的理论误差，进一步消除了因介质电阻IR降的影响产生的测量误差.结果表明，CMB-4510腐蚀速度测量仪测得的几种体系的腐蚀速度、极化电阻以及介质电阻与M398所测得结果相同；测量缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果与挂片失重法的测试结果完全吻合.